Timeline: Press freedom in Hong Kong under the national security law

6 days ago 5
ARTICLE AD BOX
Article - Explainer press freedom

Since Beijing imposed a national security law in Hong Kong in 2020, the city has seen the closure of independent media outlets, journalists jailed, newsrooms raided and government tax audits that appear to disproportionately target the media sector.

Press freedom journalist reporter cameramen television broadcastJournalists in Hong Kong. File photo: GovHK.

Hong Kong has plummeted in a global press freedom index. It now ranks 140th in the annual Reporters Without Borders Press Freedom Index, down from 73rd in 2019, whilst Chief Executive John Lee has said that press freedom remains intact. HKFP rounds up incidents that indicate how the city’s media landscape has changed.


April 2026

  • A Hong Kong press union warned that the stalking of journalists has a “chilling effect” on press freedom, after the Security Bureau slammed the group over “groundless speculations” that law enforcement may have tailed reporters from local news outlet InMedia.
  • Chief Secretary Warner Cheuk said journalists will not be permitted to tag along with survivors of the deadly Tai Po fire when they return to their flats to collect their belongings.
  • Reporters Without Borders (RSF) said that a French journalist was denied entry to Hong Kong in November, accusing the city’s authorities of “weaponising visas” against foreign media workers.
 Reporters Without Borders.French journalist Antoine Vedeilhe. Photo: Reporters Without Borders.
  • Hong Kong remains at 140th place on Reporters Without Borders’ (RSF) global press freedom index of 180 countries and territories, with the NGO highlighting the 20-year sentence handed down to Apple Daily founder Jimmy Lai earlier this year.

March 2026

  • Hong Kong’s High Court dismissed the Hong Kong Journalists’ Association’s legal challenge against government restrictions on media access to the vehicle registry, years after the government lost in a landmark case concerning a journalist’s use of the registry to obtain records of vehicles involved in the 2019 Yuen Long mob attack
  • Yahoo Hong Kong announced it will begin winding down its news operation in line with its “strategic evaluation and long-term business planning.” An employee in Yahoo Hong Kong’s news content division confirmed to HKFP that the company would cease publishing original reports from April.
  • Hong Kong independent bookseller Pong Yat-ming and three of his staff were reportedly arrested on suspicion of selling seditious titles, including a biography of jailed media tycoon Jimmy Lai.
 Hans Tse/HKFP.Hong Kong independent bookstore Book Punch owner Pong Yat-ming outside the Kowloon City Magistrates’ Courts on April 10, 2026. Photo: Hans Tse/HKFP.
  • Three companies linked to the now-defunct Apple Daily newspaper became “prohibited organisations” after the Hong Kong government removed them from the corporate registry.
  • A former top editor of Apple Daily filed an appeal against his 10-year jail term in a high-profile national security case.

February 2026

January 2026

December 2025

 Kyle Lam/HKFP.Hong Kong police officers place a cordon outside the West Kowloon Law Courts Building on December 15, 2025, as the court hands down the verdict of Hong Kong pro-democracy media mogul Jimmy Lai. Photo: Kyle Lam/HKFP.

November 2025

Kiwi ChowKiwi Chow. Photo: Kelly Ho/HKFP.

October 2025

HKJA Hong Kong Journalists Association logoHong Kong Journalists Association. Photo: HKFP.

September 2025

 Kyle Lam/HKFP.Hong Kong Chief Executive John Lee delivers his annual Policy Address at the Legislative Council on September 17, 2025. Photo: Kyle Lam/HKFP.

August 2025

Rebecca Choong WilkinsBloomberg journalist Rebecca Choong Wilkins. Photo: Bloomberg.

July 2025

 Kyle Lam/HKFP.Representatives of six independent publishers and bookstores hold a press conference on July 13, 2025. From Left: Leslie Ng of Bbluesky, Chan Wai-hung of Eleven Six Workshop, editor of Post Script Cultural Collaboration, editor of Word by Word Collective, Leanne Liu of Boundary, and Leticia Wong of Hunter. Photo: Kyle Lam/HKFP.

June 2025

Morgan DavisForeign Correspondents’ Club President Morgan Davis. Photo: Foreign Correspondents’ Club, Hong Kong, via Facebook.

May 2025

 Kyle Lam/HKFP.Selina Cheng, head of the Hong Kong Journalists Association, meets the press on May 21, 2025. Photo: Kyle Lam/HKFP.

April 2025

Channel C HKFacebook page of Channel C HK. Photo: Peter Lee/HKFP.

March 2025

Secretary for Security Chris Tang & FCC Roland WongSecretary for Security Chris Tang and Fight Crime Committee member Roland Wong meeting the press on September 27, 2023. File photo: Kyle Lam/HKFP.

February 2025

Hong Kong Journalists Association Annual General Meeting HKJAHong Kong Journalists Association Annual General Meeting. Photo: Peter Lee/HKFP.

January 2025

 Kyle Lam/HKFP.A ceremony for care teams. File photo: Kyle Lam/HKFP.

December 2024

  • Former Hong Kong journalists Chan Cheuk-sze and Kathy Wong won best documentary short at the 61st Golden Horse Awards in Taiwan for their debut film Colour Sampling Ideology.mov, a 59-minute visual analysis of colour symbolism in politics in Hong Kong and Taiwan.
  • More Hong Kong residents than ever perceived the city’s news outlets to be self-censoring and shying away from criticising local and Beijing authorities, the Hong Kong Public Opinion Research Institute found. In total, 65 per cent of the survey respondents perceived news outlets to have practiced self-censorship, up eight per cent from the previous year, and marking a record high.
  • An independent media outlet in Macau took down a report about various facilities being shut down before Chinese leader Xi Jinping’s three-day visit to the territory to mark the 25th anniversary of its handover to Beijing. The report was taken down “due to ‘unavoidable’ reasons,” according to All About Macau’s statement.
  • Jimmy Lai continued to testify during his national security trial, saying he halted calls for sanctions against the Hong Kong and Beijing governments after the national security law came into effect in 2020, as it would be “suicide” to make such demands.
 Executive Committee of the Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival.Hong Kong documentary filmmakers Chan Cheuk-sze (right) and Kathy Wong (left) leave the stage after winning the best documentary short film at the 61st Golden Horse Awards in Taipei, Taiwan, on November 23, 2024. Photo: Executive Committee of the Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival.

November 2024

 Kyle Lam/HKFP.Hong Kong Journalists Association chairperson Selina Cheng and her lawyer Adam Clermont walk out of the Labour Relations Division (Hong Kong East) on November 12, 2024. Photo: Kyle Lam/HKFP.

October 2024

 Kyle Lam/HKFP.Barrister Margaret Ng leaves Hong Kong’s High Court on August 14, 2023. Photo: Kyle Lam/HKFP.

September 2024

 Kyle Lam/HKFP.Ex-Stand News acting chief editor Patrick Lam leaves District Court at 7.30 pm on September 26, after District Judge Kwok Wai-kin reduced his initial sentence for “conspiracy to publish and reproduce seditious publications,” on health grounds and allowed him to walk free. Photo: Kyle Lam/HKFP.

August 2024

 Kyle Lam/HKFP.Former Stand News editor-in-chief Chung Pui-kuen leaves District Court in Wan Chai, Hong Kong, on August 29, 2024, after being found guilty of conspiring to publish “seditious” materials. Photo: Kyle Lam/HKFP.

July 2024

 Kyle Lam/HKFP.Selina Cheng, chair of the Hong Kong Journalists Association, speaks to reporters after being fired from The Wall Street Journal, allegedly over her role in the press union, on July 17, 2024. Photo: Kyle Lam/HKFP.

June 2024

 Kyle Lam/HKFP.Police carry cordon tape in Causeway Bay, Hong Kong, on June 4, 2024, the 35th anniversary of the 1989 Tiananmen crackdown. Photo: Kyle Lam/HKFP.

May 2024

Chief Executive John Lee meets the press on May 14, 2024.Chief Executive John Lee meets the press on May 14, 2024. Photo: Kyle Lam/HKFP.

April 2024

 Kyle Lam/HKFP.The Immigration Department in Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong, on June 11, 2024. Photo: Kyle Lam/HKFP.

March 2024

 Kyle Lam/HKFP.Hong Kong officials including Chief Executive John Lee and Secretary for Security Chris Tang leave the Legislative Council after the passage of Article 23 legislation on March 19, 2024. Photo: Kyle Lam/HKFP.

February 2024

Secretary for Justice Paul Lam attends a meeting on March 19, 2024 as the Legislative Council resumes the debate on a proposed domestic security law required under Article 23 of the Basic Law.Secretary for Justice Paul Lam attends a meeting on March 19, 2024 as the Legislative Council resumes the debate on a proposed domestic security law required under Article 23 of the Basic Law. Photo: Kyle Lam/HKFP.

January 2024

 Kelly Ho/HKFP.Apple Daily’s last edition is issued on June 24, 2021. File photo: Kelly Ho/HKFP.

December 2023

November 2023

October 2023

  • A Hong Kong judge called for an investigation after prosecutors claimed that video footage linked to a rioting case during the 2019 Yuen Long mob attacks had been released by an online media outlet ahead of the trial.
  • Net satisfaction with press freedom in Hong Kong stood at negative 8 per cent, while 13 per cent of people believed the local news media had given full play to the freedom of speech, according to a PORI survey.
  • Google received a request from the Hong Kong Police Force to remove 5 videos featuring “The Hong Konger,“ a documentary about pro-democracy media tycoon Jimmy Lai from YouTube, a report read.

September 2023

August 2023

Website of Sky PostWebsite of Sky Post. Photo: Lea Mok/HKFP.

July 2023

Glory to Hong KongGlory to Hong Kong. Photo: Kelly Ho/HKFP.
Eric ChanPhoto: Lea Mok/HKFP

June 2023

 Candice Chan/HKFP.Hong Kong journalist Bao Choy stands outside Hong Kong’s Court of Final Appeal after winning her appeal against her conviction for making false statements to obtain vehicle records, on June 5, 2023. Photo: Candice Chau/HKFP.

May 2023

Lee WilliamsonForeign Correspondents’ Club President Lee Williamson. Photo: Hillary Leung/HKFP.

April 2023

Xia BaolongDirector of the Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office Xia Baolong attends the opening ceremony of the National Security Education Day on April 15, 2023. Photo: HKMAO.

March 2023

Coconuts hong kongCoconuts news site. Photo: HKFP screenshot.
  • HKJA said it received several recent reports of journalists being tailed, as police slammed the group over “unverified speculations” that those following journalists were suspected of being members of law enforcement.
  • Two ex-Stand News editors charged under the colonial-era sedition law continued to stand trial.

February 2023

January 2023

Chung Pui-kuen, former chief editor of Stand News, at the District Court on January 26, 2023.Chung Pui-kuen, former chief editor of Stand News, at the District Court on January 26, 2023. Photo: Lea Mok/HKFP.
  • Hong Kong’s top court allowed journalist Bao Choy to appeal her conviction over accessing car licence information for an investigative documentary about a mob attack in Yuen Long in July 2019.
  • The government watchdog rejected a complaint filed by HKFP related to the authorities’ refusal to disclose their media invite list for Chief Executive John Lee’s inauguration last July 1.
  • Chen Zhiming, chief editor of Hong Kong magazine Exclusive Character, was reportedly missing in mainland China for over four months.
  • A Hong Kong reporter who was allegedly shot at with a police projectile during a protest in 2019 expressed disappointment that his complaint was rejected.
  • The sedition trial against two ex-chief editors of defunct media outlet Stand News continued, as the court heard testimony from one of the defendants, former editor-in-chief Chung Pui-kuen.

December 2022

November 2022

Bao ChoyJournalist Bao Choy speaks with reporters outside High Court on Nov. 7, 2022. Photo: Lea Mok/HKFP.
Timothy OwenKing’s Counsel Timothy Owen leaving the Court of Final Appeal in Central on November 25, 2022. Photo: Candice Chau/HKFP.

October 2022

IFJ report 2022The International Federation of Journalists’ Hong Kong Freedom of Expression Report 2022. Photo: International Federation of Journalists, via screenshot.

September 2022

Ronson Chan HKJA Channel CRonson Chan on September 22, 2022. Photo: Lea Mok/HKFP

August 2022

High CourtThe High Court. Photo: Candice Chau/HKFP.

July 2022

  • Disclosing the media invite list for the July 1 leadership inauguration ‘would harm Hong Kong’s security,’ the government claimed.
  • Hong Kong democracy has taken a “quantum leap forward,” officials told a United Nations rights committee, during a grilling over the national security law, declining press freedom and other developments in the wake of the 2019 protests.
  • Hong Kong’s leader John Lee said journalists are “in the same boat” as him and that he hoped the news sector would join him in promoting the success of One Country, Two Systems to the world.
Kevin Lau.Kevin Lau.

June 2022

May 2022

  • Reporters Without Borders said Hong Kong authorities wielded a draconian new security law to silence critical news outlets and jail journalists in its latest report, as the city plummeted down an international press freedom chart.
  • Hong Kong’s sole leadership candidate, John Lee, compared press freedom to identity cards, saying that “Hong Kong already has press freedom.”
chief executive election john lee rallyFile photo: Lea Mok/HKFP.

April 2022

FCCThe Foreign Correspondents’ Club in Hong Kong. Photo: Kelly Ho/HKFP.

March 2022

February 2022

Consumer CouncilConsumer Council. Photo: Consumer Council.

January 2022

citizen news china teamCitizen News’ China news team. Photo: Citizen News screenshot, via YouTube
  • The Registry of Trade Unions launched a probe into the Hong Kong Journalists Association,  asking it to provide answers on how certain events it held were relevant to its objectives.
  • Members of Jumbo, a student publication at Hong Kong Baptist University, collectively resigned, citing interference from the university after receiving complaints.

December 2021

Stand News acting editor-in-chief Patrick Lam was arrested by national security police on Wednesday.Stand News acting editor-in-chief Patrick Lam was arrested by national security police on December 29, 2021. Photo: Candice Chau/HKFP.

November 2021

Sue-Lin WongSue-Lin Wong. Photo: The Economist.

October 2021

Chinese National Day October 1, 2021 Police Causeway Bay protective vestFile photo: Kyle Lam/HKFP.

September 2021

Ronson ChanChairperson of the Hong Kong Journalists Association Ronson Chan. Photo: Screenshot.

August 2021

July 2021

Steve Vines on The PulseSteve Vines on The Pulse. Photo: RTHK screenshot.
apple daily's headquarterPhoto: Kenny Huang & Michael Ho/Studio Incendo.

June 2021

Apple Daily raid June 17, 2021Dozens of Hong Kong police enter Apple Daily’s headquarters in Tseung Kwan O on June 17, 2021.

May 2021

RTHK Youtube homepageRTHK’s YouTube Channel. Photo: RTHK Screenshot via YouTube.
claudia mo democrats mass resignation legco dqClaudia Mo. Photo: Kelly Ho/HKFP.

April 2021

Bao Choy press freedomJournalist Bao Choy appears in court on April 22, 2021. Photo: Studio Incendo.

March 2021

  • A top Beijing official said the principle of “patriots governing Hong Kong” extends to the judiciary, the education sector and the media, in addition to public officials.
  • A leading civil servant with no broadcasting experience took over as head of RTHK, where three senior employees quit in the space of two weeks.
  • Hong Kong’s national security police arrested a former top executive of Next Digital, the publisher of Apple Daily, over alleged fraud.
  • RTHK made a last-minute decision to cancel a programme featuring a panel discussion of Beijing’s plans for a drastic election overhaul.
RSF 2021 press freedom indexPress freedom in 2021. Photo: RSF.

February 2021

World Press PhotoWorld Press Photo Exhibition in Hong Kong. Photo: World Press Photo Exhibition Hong Kong, via Facebook.

January 2021

Silent protest RTHK unionA silent protest staged by the RTHK union to support their colleague Nabela Qoser. Photo: Candice Chau/HKFP.

December 2020

November 2020

jimmy laiJimmy Lai. File Photo: Kelly Ho/HKFP.

October 2020

  • National security police raided the private office of Jimmy Lai.
  • A district councillor was given a suspended prison sentence for publicly identifying the policeman who allegedly shot an Indonesian journalist in the eye.

September 2020

Inside the Red Brick WallInside the Red Brick Wall. Photo: Ying E Chi Cinema, via Facebook.

August 2020

apple daily protest arrestFile photo: KH/United Social Press.

July 2020

members promo splash

Read Entire Article